Monday 23 September 2019

Single Camera Techniques

Many modern movies use single camera production. A single camera production is exactly what it sounds like, a production that is filmed using just one camera. This is due to how much better the quality turns out and how much cheaper it is as-well, since it can be costly to use multi-camera due to the fact that it requires multi-cameras. These also take up a lot of space, giving another advantage to using single camera. Using a single camera also allows for numerous techniques to be used, due to the fact they can be used freehand a lot easier and you don't have to worry about filming the other cameras so you can move them more freely. Also, some multi-camera productions have all the camera's in very specific places, so that they won't cross paths and film each-other. This can be limiting as certain areas will be off limits, so everything will have to happen in specific areas of the set. However, single camera production isn't perfect by any means. It can take a while to shoot due to the fact that the camera has to be moved and set up often, and editing will take longer too due to how many shots are taken. A lot of repetition is needed on-set as you will usually have to film the same thing numerous times to see which angle is better, instead of getting it all at once like you would in a multi-camera production. Filming just one thing at a time can also be quite stressful for crew members due to how tedious it can be, and people being annoyed on set can easily slow production as they won't be able to full concentrate.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JlETkY6ogRg       (Scene ends at 18 seconds)
One example of this is the single camera technique used in the 2000 film Requiem For A Dream. This technique is a snorricam. A snorricam is the technique of attaching a camera to the chest of an actor and having it pointed towards said actors face. In this movie, they use this during a scene in which one character is chased by the police and eventually caught. The footage is very shaky because of this, but this is definitely the desired effect. The shakiness of the camera shows the panic in the character, as he is being very frantic to try and assure he is not caught by the police. Due to the camera being on his chest an pointed at his face, we can see he has a look of panic and fear. He is also dowsed in sweat, indicating that he has been running for a while, and also indicating that he could be very nervous. This shot is meant to make the audience feel like they're right in the middle of the intense scene, and the shakiness of the camera certainly does this well. The snorricam creates quite a nauseating effect, due to how the background moves so rapidly, but the actor in the scene stays so clear. This links heavily to the movie's topic of drug abuse, as the scene could be regarded as being quite "Trippy" to some people.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gYTfI75RMG8
Another example is the single camera technique  used in the 2017 movie Good Time. In this scene, it is clear that single camera is used from the beginning due to the constant switching between the character of the therapist and the character Nick during their conversation. These are also very close up shots, which is to make it feel very personal. The switching is used to effectively show how each character clearly feels, as we can see when Nick becomes uncomfortable and starts to cry. The camera rapidly switches again when Nick's brother Connie enters the room. The camera goes straight into a close up on his face, showing his anger at the situation. The camera makes rapid switches between Connie and The Therapist as they argue with each-other, and close-ups are still maintained. This is so that the audience can read their facial expressions, and understand them. During the argument, this is particularly effective as you can see The Therapist's annoyance, and Connie's anger. Connie demands Nick leaves the room with him, and the pair walk down a corridor. The camera once again starts rapidly switching between both characters in close ups, showing them as parallels to each-other. Nick seems more reserved and sensitive, while Connie comes off as more bold and brash. This is very important to the audience, since this is the start of the film, and they can already clearly see what types of people these two characters are. Their personalities have been established early on, something many films struggle to get across quickly.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IkYUDQCYGHA
In this clip from the UK sitcom The Office, a single camera is clearly used. This was used particularly effectively in this scene as the shaky and handheld camera made the show feel more realistic, which was certainly good due to the mockumentary style that the show was known for. In this clip, the camera uses many long takes during a job interview. The long, shaky take is very reminiscent of documentaries, but here it is also used to show how mundane and oddly comical the situation is. The camera switches angle quite sparingly, allowing the audience to simply focus on the dialogue and the body movement of both characters. This is very effective, as a multi-cam moving rapidly around the screen would be immensely out of place in a scene like this, and it would be distracting from many of the visual comedy aspects.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yEG2VTHS9yg
In this music video for the track L$D by musician A$AP Rocky, directed by Dexter Navy, they use a single camera to show many visually appealing shots. This is very effective, as it creates an impressive and smooth sequence for the music video. One particular shot shows Rocky and an unnamed woman walking through a very brightly colored room. This is a direct reference to the film Enter The Void by Gaspar Noe.

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